Automotive  

Resonators, also known as Helmholtz resonators are sections of exhaust pipe that expand to a larger diameter and allow the sound waves to reflect off the walls and cancel out. Resonators are mostly used to reduce raspiness and popping. Resonators are similar to an Expansion chamber, only for 4 stroke engines. They do not produce much back pressure.

Many North-American cars (and possibly cars in other parts of the world) made since the early to mid 1990’s can have up to 3 distinct (but similar looking) exhaust components downstream from the catalytic converter(s). Each of these components may be called resonators or mufflers. Usually only the last component is the actual muffler, and the other components are the resonators.

A Powerchip is an engine software calibration device, designed to optimize the performance and efficiency of most modern fuel-injected motor vehicles. They are available in a large range of different specification types able to fit different types of vehicles. The Power chip reads and enhances programs inside the vehicle’s Electronic Control Unit (ECU) and tunes the car’s motor to work in different way. The Power Chip can increase the performance and economy of a motor. The Power Chip is used heavily in car racing to maximize performance in the car that they are driving.